E128E54
2004年　英語　慶應義塾大学 2/17,Ａ･Ｂ方式,本学 経済

【４】　

　Read the following discussion and answer the questions as indicated.

Simon：	　Have a look at this newspaper article, everyone. Did you know that some countries, like the United States and the United Kingdom, are considering adopting national identity (ID) cards?
Val：	　Yes, I saw that article too. As far as I know, there have been various attempts in the past to create national ID cards in the US, Korea, and Taiwan, but they have all failed because of strong public opposition. However, in the wake of terrorist attacks throughout the world, the case for ID cards seems to have emerged again.
Jun：	　What sorts of ID card do the governments have in mind?
Ali：	　Well, the British government calls their version an "entitlement" card, but basically, it is no different from an "identity card." It's a card which would make it easier for people to prove their identity and guarantee their right to receive benefits and public services.
Val：	　Simply put, the idea is to use ID cards as a way of providing better services and protection for all citizens. In fact, a national computerized registration system would also help to reduce illegal immigration and employment. It would then help the police and security services to pursue serious criminals.
Jun：	　I see. That would, in fact, be a good first step to making people feel safer.
Simon：	　Wait a minute. The issues aren't that simple. Having ID cards wouldn't necessarily stop crime or guarantee safety.
Val：	　You are right. Nothing stops crime. But think about it. If the police had a record of who someone is and how he got to be where you found him(X), it would be easier to investigate and prevent crimes.
Simon：	　I'm afraid I can't agree with you there, Val. No matter how sophisticated or "smart" the card is, there is no card on earth that cannot be copied. Criminals and terrorists, in reality, have access to technology which would allow them to make illegal copies. Once they have made these fake "official" ID cards, they will be able to move more freely and more safely. Wouldn't this be even worse?
Ali：	　You have a good point. I am really beginning to see how complex the situation is. The ID cards are a good idea in principle, but now I wonder if they are truly practical.
Jun：	　Simon, are you suggesting that there will be more criminal activity if we produce a technologically advanced identity card?
Simon：	　What I mean is that there is no "perfect" identity card. The higher the "integrity(Y)" of a card, the more attractive it becomes for the criminals and illegal immigrants. If these so-called "secure" cards become available on the black market, they will cause more difficulties for the police than the various forms of "low-value" identity cards do now.
Val：	　Well, to avoid the problem you have just mentioned, the governments are thinking about using fingerprints and eye scans.
Ali：	　Then, in order for these fingerprints and eye scans to be effectively used, all countries would have to introduce the same identification methods and share information with one another. This would be impossible!
Val：	　No need to worry, Ali. Several organizations are working already toward creating international standards for the use of biological information.
Jun：	　If our biological information is used for identification, it would certainly help to increase the reliability of the ID card. But at the same time, it is rather uncomfortable to think that all our biological features might be recorded in a national database along with our other personal data. Would everyone be required to have this identity card? What if I simply refused to carry it?
Val：	　I'm sure governments would not legally force people to carry a national identity card. But I think it would be extremely difficult to live without one. If a valid card was necessary for starting a job, opening a bank account, and applying for passports or driving licenses, wouldn't you want one? I surely would! What's more, our personal data will be in safe hands anyway.
Ali：	　That's exactly what I think. I doubt there will be any problems with the protection of our personal details.
Simon：	　I m sorry but I don't agree with you two. Why do we need to carry a card and sacrifice our personal privacy in order to prove we are citizens and to use public services like education and health care? A national identity card is not just another plastic card in our wallets! It implies that our lives will become part of a vast national information system!
Jun：	　You may be interested to know that Japan now has a resident registry network. It's called "Juki Net." Under this on-line system, all citizens are given an 11-digit number, and their basic personal information such as name, date of birth, sex, and home address is registered.
Val：	　That's interesting! Why was it introduced? How do the citizens benefit?
Jun：	　Well, the citizens benefit from this on-line system by being able to identify themselves with a "Juki" card when applying for copies of their residents' certificates anywhere in the country. Local governments say that its purpose is to provide more efficient and convenient services.
Simon：	　Jun, is this on-line system necessary, if it is only to improve administrative efficiency? Don't some residents oppose the idea of "Juki Net"?
Jun：	　Of course, there are people in Japan, like me, who have expressed concern over the security of the system, particularly about the danger of personal data leaking onto the Internet. I am sure there are certain benefits behind this nationwide database; however, it will be dangerous if the network is used for anything other than its original purposes.
Ali：	　I am sure that the local governments will take every measure to protect the personal information in the national database. Besides, I read that no serious security problems were reported when careful tests were conducted.
Val：	　If you think about it, we are often asked to give our personal details when we use the Internet. Judging from what I have heard so far, "Juki Net" is no different from all the information we give to large commercial databases. If some Japanese citizens are protesting against this on-line system, I think they are simply overreacting!
Simon：	　Well, you know what people say, "Security is the greatest enemy!" Once your personal information spreads, there is no way to stop it. Privacy can never be returned once it has been lost.
Jun：	　Yes, it is very frightening to think that big brothers may be watching us.

Questions　
(1)　次の図にはディスカッションにおける発言者の名前およびOpinion A, Opinion Bの二つの意見が示されています。ディスカッション全体の内容をよく読んで，以下の指示に従い(a)から(f)のスペースに数字(1もしくは9)を記入しなさい。
発言者が意見に賛成の場合→「1」
発言者が意見に反対の場合→「9」

Speaker
Opinion A
Opinion B

National ID cards are an effective means of protecting national security.
National ID cards can result in the loss of privacy.
Val
(a)
(b)
Jun
(c)
(d)
Simon
(e)
(f)

(2)　Which of the following would most suitably replace the underlined phrase marked (X)?
1．a person's identity and his personal history
2．a person's appearance and his place of origin
3．a person's identity and his occupation
4．a person's appearance and his personality

(3)　Given the context, which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word marked (Y)?
1．risk	2．expense	3．quality	4．opportunity

(4)　次のパラグラフは，national ID cardsと"Juki Net"に対するAliの見解を反映したものですが，最後の文が完成していません。10〜20語(words)を加えて，最後の文を英語で完成させなさい。本文および設問から文や文の一部を写さないこと。

　National ID cards are an effective means of promoting national security. However, if our fingerprints and eye scans were to be effectively used for making "secure" cards, all countries would have to agree on similar identification methods. Although this may be possible in theory, it would be difficult to achieve in practice. In the case of "Juki Net," local governments in Japan have the responsibility and the ability to protect our personal information. We should, therefore,...